Objective To investigate the epidemic situation of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) and the population distribution and virus-carrying status of host animals in Fujian province, China, from 2016 to 2018, and to provide a scientific basis for formulating feasible prevention and control measures for HFRS. Methods The descriptive epidemiological method was used to perform a statistical analysis of HFRS case data and host monitoring data in Fujian which were reported in Surveillance Information Reporting and Management System in 2016-2018. The ratio was compared by χ ² test. Results A total of 1 184 HFRS cases were reported in Fujian from 2016 to 2018, with a mean annual incidence rate of 1.02/100 000, and there were 2 deaths, resulting in a mortality rate of 0.17%. Most cases were observed in Nanping, Quanzhou, and Sanming cities. The cases were reported all year round, with the peaks in March to May and November to February, and the peak in spring was higher than that in winter. The high-risk population was young men, and the highest incidence rate was observed in men aged 65-70 years and women aged 60-65 years. A total of 12 854 effective cages were set in the surveillance sites of Fujian and 845 rodents were captured, with a mean density of rodents of 6.57%. A total of 845 lung samples were collected, among which 48 were positive, and the 3-year mean virus-carrying rat index was 0.06. Conclusion The incidence rate of HFRS in Fujian province tends to first decrease and then increase from 2016 to 2018, with high rodent density and virus-carrying rate, and there is still a risk of HFRS outbreak. It is recommended to adopt comprehensive prevention and control measures of vaccination and deratization.

Objective To investigate the type and range of natural focus of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) in Fujian province, China, and to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of this disease. Methods An investigation of host animals of HFRS was carried out in 15 surveillance sites between 2009 and 2017. Rodents were captured using cages at night, and the rodent density and constituent ratios were calculated. Immunofluorescent assay was used to detect and identify hantavirus (HV) antigen in rodent lungs. Results The mean rodent density was 7.05% in the 15 surveillance sites, and Rattus norvegicus, which carried Seoul HV, was the dominant species. The mean virus-carrying rate of rodents was 6.27%, and R. norvegicus accounted for 83.78%. The mean virus-carrying index of rodents was 0.07, and Longhai had the highest virus-carrying index of rodents 0.12. HV antigen was detected for the first time from R. norvegicus in the cities or counties of Anxi, Shaxian, Longhai, Zhangpu, Dehua, Wuping, Yunxiao, and Qingliu, and from R. norvegicus and R. tanezumi in the counties of Hua'an, Jiangle, and Mingxi. Conclusion It is confirmed for the first time that there are natural foci of HFRS in the 11 surveillance sites. Rattus norvegicus carrying Seoul HV is the main host animal and source of infection with HFRS. The epidemic area of domestic rodent-type HFRS is spreading to the southern and western areas in Fujian province, and widely distributed.

Objective To investigate the epidemic of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome(HFRS) in Fujian province, China and to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of this disease. Methods The data on the epidemic of HFRS in 2013-2015 in Fujian province were subjected to statistical analysis. Rodents were captured using cages at night, and the population density and community structure of captured rodents was determined. Hantavirus(HV) antigen was detected and identified from rodent lungs by indirect immunofluorescence assay. Results A total of 1 309 cases of HFRS were reported in Fujian in 2013-2015, with an incidence of 1.16/100 000. The cases were widely distributed, county-level cities, or districts. The cases of HFRS were the highest in Shaowu, Jinjiang and Shishi city. The surveillance of rodents showed that the mean population density of rodents was 6.83% indoors, and Rattus norvegicus, which carried Soul virus, was the predominant species. In the mixed epidemic area,the mean population density of rodents was 5.60% in the field, and Apodemus agrarius was the predominant species. HV antigen was detected for the first time from R. norvegicus and R. tanezumi in Yunxiao, Qingliu, and Mingxi counties. Conclusion Rattus norvegicus is still the main host animal of HFRS in Fujian. The incidence of HFRS was at the highest level in 2013-2015 in Fujian, especially in Shaowu city, Songxi, Zhenghe, and Zhouning counties. Rodent control should be well performed, and HFRS bivalent vaccine should be widely used among the high-risk populations, so as to reduce the incidence and prevent the outbreak of HFRS.

Objective To elucidate the epidemiological characteristics of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) and associated reservoir hosts in Fujian province, China and to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of this disease. Methods The data on the epidemic situation of HFRS in Fujian province were subjected to statistical analysis. Rodents were captured using cages at night, and the population density and species composition of captured rodents were determined. Hantavirus antigen was detected and identified from rodent lungs by indirect immunofluorescence assay. Results A total of 373 cases of HFRS were reported in Fujian in 2012, with an incidence of 1.0027/100 000. The cases distributed in 61 counties, county?level cities, or districts, particularly in cities of Nanping, Fuzhou, Quanzhou, and Ningde. The incidence of HFRS was the highest in counties of Songxi, Zhouning, Shaowu, and Zhenghe. The surveillance of rodent populations showed that the mean trap catch rate was 5.32% indoors. The Norway rat (Rattus norvegicus), the reservoir of Soul virus, was the predominant species. In the mixed epidemic area, the mean trap catch rate of rodents was 3.62% in the field, and R. fulvescens was the predominant species. HFRS virus antigen was detected for the first time from R. norvegicus and R. tanezumi in county of Jiangle and R. norvegicus in county of Wuping. Conclusion R. norvegicus is still the main reservoir host of HFRS in Fujian. In 2012, the incidence of HFRS in Fujian increased significantly, especially in counties of Songxi county and Zhouning. Integrated rodent management should be implemented, and HFRS bivalent vaccine should be widely administered among the high risk populations, so as to reduce the incidence and prevent the outbreak of HFRS.

Objective To investigate the epidemic situation of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) in Fujian province, China and to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of this disease. Methods The data on the epidemic situation of HFRS in Fujian province were subjected to statistical analysis. Rodents were captured using cages at night. The density of captured rodents was calculated, and their species were identified. Hantavirus antigen was detected and identified from rodent lungs by indirect immunofluorescence assay. Results A total of 259 cases of HFRS were reported in Fujian in 2011, with an incidence of 0.70/105. The cases were distributed in 64 counties, county-level cities, or districts, particularly in Nanping, Ningde, Fuzhou, and Quanzhou. The incidence of HFRS was the highest in Songxi county and Zhouning county. The surveillance of rodents showed that the mean density of rodents was 8.22% indoors, and Rattus norvegicus, which carried Soul virus (typeⅡ), was the dominant species. In the mixed epidemic area, the mean density of rodents was 6.53% in the field, and R. fulvescens was the dominant species, followed by Apodemus agrarius, which carried Hantaan virus (type Ⅰ). HFRS virus antigen was first detected from R. norvegicus in Dehua county. Conclusion R. norvegicus is still the main host animal of HFRS in Fujian, and A. agrarius is the main host of HFRS in the field of mixed epidemic area in the northeastern area of Fujian. In 2011, the incidence of HFRS in Fujian increased significantly, especially in Songxi county and Zhouning county. Rodent control should be well performed, and HFRS bivalent vaccine should be widely used among the high-risk population, so as to reduce the incidence and prevent the outbreak of HFRS.

【Abstract】 Objective Master prevalent situation and effective control measure of malaria in Hubei province. Methods The prevalent situation and control measure of malaria was analyzed by collecting the data of prevention, field investigation and surveillance of malaria and the net?reporting of malaria epidemic situation. Results There were 1769 cases of malaria in 2007 in Hubei including 1721 local cases, accounting for 97.29% and 48 exported cases (34 cases of vivax and 14 cases of falciparum), accounting for 2.71%. There were 1769 reported cases of malaria and the cure rate reached 100%. In the rest period of malaria, there were 8345 people cured who had the malaria infection history or were risk population. And the cure rate was 95.47%. There were 22 731 people taking preventive medicine, accounting for 84.17%. Thirty seven cases of malaria were found among 2497 people by field interview investigation. Of which, all the cases were cured including 36 cases cured regularly. And the regular cure rate was 97.30%. Thirty six cases were reported and one case failed to report. There were 79 cases reported in malaria monitoring sites in 2007 (28.01/ten thousand), decreasing by 14.13% compared with 2006 (92 cases). The average biting rate of Anopheles sinensis was 8.26/person·night in 2007,  increasing by 102% compared with 2006 (4.08 /person·night). The average biting rate of An.anthropophagus was 0.30/person·night in 2007, up 15.38% compared with 0.26/person·night in 2006. Conclusion The incidence of local malaria is basically stable, while the quantity of exported cases increases. It is effective to root up infection source.